1.1. Notation and Set Theory

Euclid Theorem:

There is no largest prime number.

Proof

Suppose there was a largest prime number; call it N. Then there are only finitely many prime numbers, because each has to be between 1 and N. Let's call those prime numbers a, b, c, ..., N. Then consider this number: Is this new number M a prime number? We could check for divisibility: Hence, M is not divisible by a, b, c, ..., N. Since these are all possible prime numbers, M is not divisible by any prime number, and therefore M is not divisible by any number. That means that M is also a prime number. But clearly M > N, which is impossible, because N was supposed to be the largest possible prime number. Therefore, our assumption is wrong, and thus there is no largest prime number.

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